Analysis " A School Story" by M.R James
CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Choosing the Topic M.R James was the notable writer was an Englishmediaeval scholar and provost of King's College, Cambridge(1905–1918), and of Eton College (1918–1936). He is best remembered for his ghost stories, which are regarded as among the best in the genre. James is best known for his ghost stories, but his work as a mediaeval scholar was prodigious and remains highly respected in scholarly circles. Indeed, the success of his stories was founded on his antiquarian talents and knowledge. From the Wikipedia the writer find that M.R James is discovery of a manuscript fragment led to excavations in the ruins of the abbey at Bury St Edmunds, West Suffolk, in 1902, in which the graves of several twelfth-century abbots described by Jocelyn de Brakelond(a contemporary chronicler) were rediscovered, having been lost since the Dissolution. His 1917 edition of the Latin Lives of Saint Aethelberht, king and martyr (English Historical Review 32), remains authoritative. According to Wikipedia, He catalogued many of the manuscript libraries of the Cambridge colleges. Among his other scholarly works, he wrote The Apocalypse in Art, which placedilluminated Apocalypse manuscripts into families. He also translated the New Testament Apocrypha and contributed to theEncyclopaedia Biblica (1903). His ability to wear his learning lightly is apparent in his Suffolk and Norfolk (Dent, 1930), in which a great deal of knowledge is presented in a popular and accessible form, and in Abbeys (Great Western Railway, 1925). Wikipedia also said that James also achieved a great deal during his directorship of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge [1893–1908]. He managed to secure a large number of important paintings and manuscripts, including notable portraits by Titian. He have written so many ghost stories, one of his ghost stories is A School Story . It is a different story, because James explain the setting very clear. So, the readers can feel join to that sphere of the story.Due to the explanations above, the writer conducts analysis A School Story based on the setting that the author showed.
1.2 Objective of the study
The primary objective of this analysis is revealing the setting of the short story. The setting of A School Story is has a connected with the culture that makes the readers easy to follow the story in this short story. The culture is appear from the socio culture that happen in the London, the place of the story.
1.3 Statement of Problem
Based on the previous background of the choosing the topic, the statement of problem can be formulated as follows, how the author shows the setting in detail?
1.4 Scope of the Study
This paper is devoted to the aspect of setting in revealing the setting of which explicitly was showed by M.R James. This paper will analyze the aspect of setting.
1.5 Theoretical Approach
The study is attempting to explicate the aspect of setting in revealing the short story, A School Story, It is applied as the efforts for the writer to consider settings with the culture in the London, it is the country which the story happens. It has connected with Marxist theories. Marx was arguing the culture is not an independent reality but it inspirable from the historical conditions in which human being create their material lives. The relation of dominance and subordination which govern the social and economic order of particular phase of human being will in some sense determine the whole cultural life of society. On the other hand, in a famous series of letters written in the 1890s English insists that, while Marx always regarded the economic aspect of society as the ultimate determinant of other aspects, they also recognized that art, philosophy, and other. Raman Selden also said in his book that the problem for Marx was to explain how art and literature produced in a long-obsolete social organization can still give aesthetic pleasure and regarded as standard and unattainable ideal. So, the Marxist theory is about the real social and economic existence.
1.6 Method of the Study
This study is classified to the library research; it focuses on the content of the source and the analyzing from the writer. Some data sources, such as biography and the theoretical approach is from the internet data which are relevant to the topic that the writer analyze. To analyze the setting in detail, the writer uses the descriptive analysis method since it tries to give the better understanding and explanation about the literary work.
CHAPTER IIDISCUSSION
2.1 Analyze
A School Story is a kind of ghost story that writes by M.R James. In this short story show there is a physical and social setting. In this short story showed the physical and social setting. The physical setting was showing well by James. For example in the sentence: “The school I mean was near London. It was established in a large and fairly old house --a great white building with very fine grounds about it; there were large cedars in the garden, as there are in so many of the older gardens in the Thames valley, and ancient elms in the three or four fields which we used for our games”. It really can imagine the readers where the story took place. It showed the place and the sphere. On the other hand, it showed that school was a special school for the rich children. The writer analyze that the school is for the high class social economic children. Then, there are also many physical setting, such as: place, time, and environment that explain the sphere in that short story. For example: dormitory at right angels to the main building”. At that time, Sampson was sleeping in the main building on the first floor when “there was very bright full moon”. Two students saw there was wet dressed man “sitting or knelling on Sampson’s window”. At the next day Sampson was gone and no one can find him. It became a mystery at the school because “the students who seen the tragedy nor they ever mentioned what he had seen to any third person whatever”. The event of that short story was scary because it happens at night when everyone was asleep. Therefore, the time in the night and the bright full moon showed that the story happen in a frightened night. So, those setting were explained the condition in that short story. Not only to provide a background for the events and characters or to help the readers can understand the characters and their conflicts, but also to create problems for the characters.
3.1 Quotation
The short story A School Story is a ghost story that has many settings. The settings divide in to two kinds of settings. It is social and physical setting. In the first paragraph we can find the physical setting:“Two men in a smoking-room were talking of their private-school days.”It showed the place in a smoking room that builds in a school.We can also know a physical setting from the two men conversation. It is also make a scary sphere, because the two men tell a scary story.“the house with a room in which a series of people insisted on passing anight; and each of them in the morning was found kneeling in a corner, and”had just time to say, 'I've seen it,' and died. "Wasn't that the house in Berkeley Square?" "I dare say it was.
It showed that the men tell a story that takes place in a house, and then the time is in the night and morning. In the night the people of that house insisted on passing a night and in the morning was found kneeling in a corner. The story that the men have told was located in Berkeley Square.
”Then there was the man who heard a noise in thepassage at night, opened his door, and saw someone crawling towards him onall fours with his eye hanging out on his cheek.”From that sentence we can also know that the story was happen at night.
"The school I mean was near London. It was established in a large andfairly old house - a great white building with very fine grounds about it;there were large cedars in the garden, as there are in so many of the oldergardens in the Thames valley, and ancient elms in the three or four fieldswhich we used for our games. I think probably it was quite an attractiveplace, but boys seldom allow that their schools possess any tolerablefeatures.”It means that the school was near London, and it was a wonderful school that was really large.it showed that school was a special school for the rich children. The writer analyze that the school is for the high class social economic children. Then, there are also many physical setting, such as: place, time, and environment that explain the sphere in that short story.
"I came to the school in a September, soon after the year 1870”It was show the time of the first character that he came to the school after year 1870.
I will call McLeod. I needn't spend time in describing him: the mainthing is that I got to know him very well. He was not an exceptional boy inany way - not particularly good at books or games - but he suited me.It showed the social setting. McLeod is not really special but the first character feel that he suited him. So, McLeod is a kind person for the first character.
"The school was a large one: there must have been from 120 to 130 boysthere as a rule, and so a considerable staff of masters was required, andthere were rather frequent changes among them.It means that the place of that school is very large and it has many students. On the other side, the student are just boys.
Sampson was too good a disciplinarian for us to think of trying that on withhim. Now, on this occasion he was telling us how to express remembering inLatin: and he ordered us each to make a sentence bringing in the verbmemini, 'I remember.' Well, most of us made up some ordinary sentence suchas 'I remember my father,' or 'He remembers his book,' or something equallyuninteresting: and I dare say a good many put down memino librum meum, andso forth: but the boy I mentioned - McLeod - was evidently thinking ofsomething more elaborate than that.He started and seemed to wake up, and then very quickly he scribbled about acouple of lines on his paper, and showed it up with the rest.From that sentence we can get information that Sampson is a disciplinarian person. It is a kind of social setting.
“It turned out that the clock struck twelve before he had got to McLeod”It showed the time in the story.
"I don't remember any more that was said by either of us about this. Nextday McLeod took to his bed with a chill or something of the kind, and it wasa week or more before he was in school again. And as much as a month went bywithout anything happening that was noticeable.It was showed the time that McLeod took his bed with a chill or something of the kind, and it wasa week or more before he was in school again.I am prettysure, of course, now, that there was something very curious in his pasthistory, but I'm not going to pretend that we boys were sharp enough toguess any such thing. It showed the setting of condition in his past history.That sameafternoon I took it out of my locker - I know for certain it was the samebit, for I made a finger-mark on it and no single trace of writing of anykind was there on it.It showed the time in the afternoon and the place in the first character locker. "That day was a half-holiday, and next day Sampson was in school again,much as usual. That night the third and last incident in my story happened.It showed the time was happened in a half-holiday and it was at night.
One evening his host was turning over a drawer full of odds and ends inthe smoking-room.It showed the place of his host was turning over a drawer full of odds and ends is inthe smoking-room.
CHAPTER IVCONCLUSION
From the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that A School Story is a short story that has so many settings. The settings show the story that happens in that short story. The settings have created problem for the character. We can prove it from the character which made by the setting that appeared in that story. The setting also showed the economic condition all of the characters, we can know from their school which is a exclusive school. The settings also provide a background for the events and characters, because the setting opened the situation that will be held in that short story.
The author also showed the detail setting to help understand the characters and their conflicts. The settings explain in every condition that the characters have felt. Therefore, the readers can easy to follow the plot in this story by the detail settings.
So, setting is the most important aspect in this short story. It give affected to the plot, character and the ability of the readers to understand well about A School Story.
CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Choosing the Topic M.R James was the notable writer was an Englishmediaeval scholar and provost of King's College, Cambridge(1905–1918), and of Eton College (1918–1936). He is best remembered for his ghost stories, which are regarded as among the best in the genre. James is best known for his ghost stories, but his work as a mediaeval scholar was prodigious and remains highly respected in scholarly circles. Indeed, the success of his stories was founded on his antiquarian talents and knowledge. From the Wikipedia the writer find that M.R James is discovery of a manuscript fragment led to excavations in the ruins of the abbey at Bury St Edmunds, West Suffolk, in 1902, in which the graves of several twelfth-century abbots described by Jocelyn de Brakelond(a contemporary chronicler) were rediscovered, having been lost since the Dissolution. His 1917 edition of the Latin Lives of Saint Aethelberht, king and martyr (English Historical Review 32), remains authoritative. According to Wikipedia, He catalogued many of the manuscript libraries of the Cambridge colleges. Among his other scholarly works, he wrote The Apocalypse in Art, which placedilluminated Apocalypse manuscripts into families. He also translated the New Testament Apocrypha and contributed to theEncyclopaedia Biblica (1903). His ability to wear his learning lightly is apparent in his Suffolk and Norfolk (Dent, 1930), in which a great deal of knowledge is presented in a popular and accessible form, and in Abbeys (Great Western Railway, 1925). Wikipedia also said that James also achieved a great deal during his directorship of the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge [1893–1908]. He managed to secure a large number of important paintings and manuscripts, including notable portraits by Titian. He have written so many ghost stories, one of his ghost stories is A School Story . It is a different story, because James explain the setting very clear. So, the readers can feel join to that sphere of the story.Due to the explanations above, the writer conducts analysis A School Story based on the setting that the author showed.
1.2 Objective of the study
The primary objective of this analysis is revealing the setting of the short story. The setting of A School Story is has a connected with the culture that makes the readers easy to follow the story in this short story. The culture is appear from the socio culture that happen in the London, the place of the story.
1.3 Statement of Problem
Based on the previous background of the choosing the topic, the statement of problem can be formulated as follows, how the author shows the setting in detail?
1.4 Scope of the Study
This paper is devoted to the aspect of setting in revealing the setting of which explicitly was showed by M.R James. This paper will analyze the aspect of setting.
1.5 Theoretical Approach
The study is attempting to explicate the aspect of setting in revealing the short story, A School Story, It is applied as the efforts for the writer to consider settings with the culture in the London, it is the country which the story happens. It has connected with Marxist theories. Marx was arguing the culture is not an independent reality but it inspirable from the historical conditions in which human being create their material lives. The relation of dominance and subordination which govern the social and economic order of particular phase of human being will in some sense determine the whole cultural life of society. On the other hand, in a famous series of letters written in the 1890s English insists that, while Marx always regarded the economic aspect of society as the ultimate determinant of other aspects, they also recognized that art, philosophy, and other. Raman Selden also said in his book that the problem for Marx was to explain how art and literature produced in a long-obsolete social organization can still give aesthetic pleasure and regarded as standard and unattainable ideal. So, the Marxist theory is about the real social and economic existence.
1.6 Method of the Study
This study is classified to the library research; it focuses on the content of the source and the analyzing from the writer. Some data sources, such as biography and the theoretical approach is from the internet data which are relevant to the topic that the writer analyze. To analyze the setting in detail, the writer uses the descriptive analysis method since it tries to give the better understanding and explanation about the literary work.
CHAPTER IIDISCUSSION
2.1 Analyze
A School Story is a kind of ghost story that writes by M.R James. In this short story show there is a physical and social setting. In this short story showed the physical and social setting. The physical setting was showing well by James. For example in the sentence: “The school I mean was near London. It was established in a large and fairly old house --a great white building with very fine grounds about it; there were large cedars in the garden, as there are in so many of the older gardens in the Thames valley, and ancient elms in the three or four fields which we used for our games”. It really can imagine the readers where the story took place. It showed the place and the sphere. On the other hand, it showed that school was a special school for the rich children. The writer analyze that the school is for the high class social economic children. Then, there are also many physical setting, such as: place, time, and environment that explain the sphere in that short story. For example: dormitory at right angels to the main building”. At that time, Sampson was sleeping in the main building on the first floor when “there was very bright full moon”. Two students saw there was wet dressed man “sitting or knelling on Sampson’s window”. At the next day Sampson was gone and no one can find him. It became a mystery at the school because “the students who seen the tragedy nor they ever mentioned what he had seen to any third person whatever”. The event of that short story was scary because it happens at night when everyone was asleep. Therefore, the time in the night and the bright full moon showed that the story happen in a frightened night. So, those setting were explained the condition in that short story. Not only to provide a background for the events and characters or to help the readers can understand the characters and their conflicts, but also to create problems for the characters.
3.1 Quotation
The short story A School Story is a ghost story that has many settings. The settings divide in to two kinds of settings. It is social and physical setting. In the first paragraph we can find the physical setting:“Two men in a smoking-room were talking of their private-school days.”It showed the place in a smoking room that builds in a school.We can also know a physical setting from the two men conversation. It is also make a scary sphere, because the two men tell a scary story.“the house with a room in which a series of people insisted on passing anight; and each of them in the morning was found kneeling in a corner, and”had just time to say, 'I've seen it,' and died. "Wasn't that the house in Berkeley Square?" "I dare say it was.
It showed that the men tell a story that takes place in a house, and then the time is in the night and morning. In the night the people of that house insisted on passing a night and in the morning was found kneeling in a corner. The story that the men have told was located in Berkeley Square.
”Then there was the man who heard a noise in thepassage at night, opened his door, and saw someone crawling towards him onall fours with his eye hanging out on his cheek.”From that sentence we can also know that the story was happen at night.
"The school I mean was near London. It was established in a large andfairly old house - a great white building with very fine grounds about it;there were large cedars in the garden, as there are in so many of the oldergardens in the Thames valley, and ancient elms in the three or four fieldswhich we used for our games. I think probably it was quite an attractiveplace, but boys seldom allow that their schools possess any tolerablefeatures.”It means that the school was near London, and it was a wonderful school that was really large.it showed that school was a special school for the rich children. The writer analyze that the school is for the high class social economic children. Then, there are also many physical setting, such as: place, time, and environment that explain the sphere in that short story.
"I came to the school in a September, soon after the year 1870”It was show the time of the first character that he came to the school after year 1870.
I will call McLeod. I needn't spend time in describing him: the mainthing is that I got to know him very well. He was not an exceptional boy inany way - not particularly good at books or games - but he suited me.It showed the social setting. McLeod is not really special but the first character feel that he suited him. So, McLeod is a kind person for the first character.
"The school was a large one: there must have been from 120 to 130 boysthere as a rule, and so a considerable staff of masters was required, andthere were rather frequent changes among them.It means that the place of that school is very large and it has many students. On the other side, the student are just boys.
Sampson was too good a disciplinarian for us to think of trying that on withhim. Now, on this occasion he was telling us how to express remembering inLatin: and he ordered us each to make a sentence bringing in the verbmemini, 'I remember.' Well, most of us made up some ordinary sentence suchas 'I remember my father,' or 'He remembers his book,' or something equallyuninteresting: and I dare say a good many put down memino librum meum, andso forth: but the boy I mentioned - McLeod - was evidently thinking ofsomething more elaborate than that.He started and seemed to wake up, and then very quickly he scribbled about acouple of lines on his paper, and showed it up with the rest.From that sentence we can get information that Sampson is a disciplinarian person. It is a kind of social setting.
“It turned out that the clock struck twelve before he had got to McLeod”It showed the time in the story.
"I don't remember any more that was said by either of us about this. Nextday McLeod took to his bed with a chill or something of the kind, and it wasa week or more before he was in school again. And as much as a month went bywithout anything happening that was noticeable.It was showed the time that McLeod took his bed with a chill or something of the kind, and it wasa week or more before he was in school again.I am prettysure, of course, now, that there was something very curious in his pasthistory, but I'm not going to pretend that we boys were sharp enough toguess any such thing. It showed the setting of condition in his past history.That sameafternoon I took it out of my locker - I know for certain it was the samebit, for I made a finger-mark on it and no single trace of writing of anykind was there on it.It showed the time in the afternoon and the place in the first character locker. "That day was a half-holiday, and next day Sampson was in school again,much as usual. That night the third and last incident in my story happened.It showed the time was happened in a half-holiday and it was at night.
One evening his host was turning over a drawer full of odds and ends inthe smoking-room.It showed the place of his host was turning over a drawer full of odds and ends is inthe smoking-room.
CHAPTER IVCONCLUSION
From the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that A School Story is a short story that has so many settings. The settings show the story that happens in that short story. The settings have created problem for the character. We can prove it from the character which made by the setting that appeared in that story. The setting also showed the economic condition all of the characters, we can know from their school which is a exclusive school. The settings also provide a background for the events and characters, because the setting opened the situation that will be held in that short story.
The author also showed the detail setting to help understand the characters and their conflicts. The settings explain in every condition that the characters have felt. Therefore, the readers can easy to follow the plot in this story by the detail settings.
So, setting is the most important aspect in this short story. It give affected to the plot, character and the ability of the readers to understand well about A School Story.
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